[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":2050},["ShallowReactive",2],{"library-ba-fei-te-2006nian-wo-wei-shi-me-kang-kai-jie-nang":3,"library-sidebar-buffett":513,"library-sidebar-dao":1516,"library-sidebar-models":1818},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"category":499,"date":500,"description":501,"extension":502,"meta":503,"navigation":504,"order":505,"path":506,"seo":507,"seoDescription":501,"seoTitle":508,"slug":509,"stem":510,"__hash__":511,"_collection":512},"buffett\u002Fbuffett\u002Finterview\u002Fba-fei-te-2006nian-wo-wei-shi-me-kang-kai-jie-nang.md","巴菲特：2006年我为什么慷慨解囊",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":494},"minimark",[9,13,18,22,31,34,37,40,43,46,53,56,59,62,65,72,75,78,85,88,91,94,97,100,103,106,109,112,115,118,121,124,127,130,133,136,139,142,145,148,151,154,157,160,166,169,172,176,179,182,185,188,191,194,197,200,203,206,209,212,215,218,221,224,227,230,233,236,239,242,245,248,250,252,255,258,261,264,267,270,273,276,279,282,285,288,290,293,296,299,303,306,309,312,315,318,320,322,326,329,332,335,338,341,344,347,350,353,356,359,362,365,368,371,374,377,380,383,386,389,392,395,398,401,404,407,410,413,417,420,423,426,429,432,435,438,441,444,447,450,453,461,465,468,472,475,478,481,484,491],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"巴菲特2006年我为什么慷慨解囊",[14,15,17],"h2",{"id":16},"巴菲特我为什么慷慨解囊2006","巴菲特：我为什么慷慨解囊2006",[19,20,21],"p",{},"2006 年12 月 卡罗尔·卢米斯专访",[23,24,25,28],"blockquote",{},[19,26,27],{},"2006 年6 月25 日，沃伦巴菲特在纽约公共图书馆签署捐款意向书，正式决定向5 个慈善基金会捐出其财富的85%，约合375 亿美元。这是美国和世界历史上最大一笔慈善捐款。巴菲特准备把捐款中的绝大部分、约300 亿美元捐给世界首富比尔盖茨及其妻子建立的\"比尔与梅琳达盖茨基金会\"。巴菲特的慷慨捐赠一夜之间使盖茨基金会可支配的慈善基金翻了一番，达到了600 多亿美元，比全球第二大基金会福特基金(110 亿美元)的资金多5 倍。自 2006 年开始，比尔与梅琳达盖茨基金会在未来的每年七月，收到全部款项的5%。尽管巴菲特尚未决定是否积极参与运作，但确定会加入盖茨基金会的董事会。",[19,29,30],{},"编者按：巴菲特的巨额捐赠令世人瞩目，甚至为美国乃至全球的富人们如何捐赠慈善事业树立了新的风尚。在这笔巨大的私人捐赠之前，巴菲特很少进行慈善捐赠，不少人说他\"一毛不拔\"。是什么促使他做出这样的决定？《财富》的编辑和巴菲特好友卡罗尔卢米斯的报道给了我们答案。",[19,32,33],{},"卢米斯：这个计划出自你之口让人感到相当吃惊，在此之前，你并不以乐善好施而闻名，事实上，你偶尔还会因为没有捐款而受到各方批评。所以我先提一个最直截了当的问题：你是不是生病了？",[19,35,36],{},"巴菲特：绝对没有。我的感觉好极了。最近的一次体检是去年10 月，医生当时对我的诊断结果是非常健康。",[19,38,39],{},"卢米斯：现在发生的这一切究竟是怎么回事？你改变计划与苏茜Suzie 过世有关吗？",[19,41,42],{},"巴菲特：是的，的确有关。苏茜比我小两岁，而女性的寿命通常要比男性长。我们以为，她会继承我在伯克希尔的股票，我们的财富将在她的监督下捐赠给社会，这也是我们两人的共同愿望。而且，苏茜会乐于监督这个过程。鉴于分配的数额在逐渐提高，她会有一点点担心，但她仍然乐于做这件事，而且会做得非常好。实际上，她可能会加快分配的速度。",[19,44,45],{},"卢米斯：这就是说，她一直希望用比你更快的速度捐赠更多的善款？",[19,47,48,49],{},"巴菲特：是的，她生前曾多次表达过这个愿望。就我而言，我一直认为，当前的慈善事业固然重要，但1 年以后、10 年以后、20 年以后乃至更远的将来，它依然同样重要。我认为，",[50,51,52],"strong",{},"能够快速积累资金的人更适合管理20年后的慈善事业，而积累资金的速度相对较慢的人顺理成章应该照料当前的慈善事业。",[19,54,55],{},"卢米斯：这理论碰巧同样适用于你希望做的事，对吗？",[19,57,58],{},"巴菲特：(大笑)那还用说！这一点毫无疑问。我所做的事情让我乐在其中，而且现在仍然对它很感兴趣。有些时候，我觉得管理伯克希尔也是件趣事。上世纪70 年代初，我用解散巴菲特合伙公司(BuffettPartnership)后得到的1500 万美元买下了对伯克希尔的有效控制权，除了伯克希尔之外，我几乎没什么钱(远不到100 万美元)。我年薪只有5 万美元，因此，如果我当时就为慈善事业慷慨解囊，我就不得不拿出伯克希尔的股票。我买那些股票，可不是为了立刻就送出去的。",[19,60,61],{},"卢米斯：虽然如此，你和苏茜在上世纪60 年代就成立了巴菲特基金会，从中可以看出，你明显希望在某个时刻捐出你的财产。你当时的想法是什么？",[19,63,64],{},"巴菲特：嗯，我们1952 年结婚，当时我就跟苏茜说我会发财。这并不是因为我有某种特殊的品质，也不是因为我辛勤地工作，而仅仅是因为我生在合适的时间、合适的地点，而且具备了合适的技能。我天生就与资本分配有着不解之缘，而且幸运的是，从一开始，我身边的人，比如我的父母、老师和苏茜，都在帮助我充分挖掘这一特长。",[19,66,67,68,71],{},"无论怎样，当我跟苏茜说我们会发财时，她并没有表现得非常兴奋。她要么是对此感到无所谓，要么就是还不相信我。事实上，也许两者皆有。但当我们真的积累了巨额财富时，我们在处置这笔财富的方式上完全达成了默契，那就是将它们返还给社会。在这一点上，我们同意安德鲁·卡耐基(AndrewCarnegie)的观点，",[50,69,70],{},"卡耐基说，应该把大部分主要源自社会的巨额财富返还给社会","。就我本人而言，我分配资本的能力原本不会有用武之地，幸亏我生活在一个人口多的富裕国家，这个国家的市场上有数不胜数的可出售证券在交易，而且有时还会出现荒谬的错误定价。幸运的是：正是美国上世纪后半叶的真实写照。",[19,73,74],{},"当然，苏茜和我从未想过应该把这么多钱留给子女，我孩子全都出类拔萃，但我觉得，从他们的成长经历以及他们得到的包括家庭教育在内的教育机会来看，他们已经占尽了优势，给他们无数金钱既不正确，也不理智。实际上，在精英至上的社会里，他们已经拥有了无可比拟的领先优势。我们应该努力维护竞争的公平性，而世代相承的巨额财富将进一步加剧不公平的竞争。",[19,76,77],{},"卢米斯：事实上，你之前就给过孩子成立基金会的钱，现在还计划给他们更多的钱。由此推断，你并不认为给孩子大量金钱是不对的。",[19,79,80,81,84],{},"巴菲特：是的，我不那么认为。他们在各自基金会的工作是把钱返还给社会，这也正是苏茜和我认为的金钱理所应当的归宿。",[50,82,83],{},"他们的工作不仅仅是填写支票，还为这个过程付出了大量的心血和精力","。我们对他们处理金钱的方式感到非常骄傲，而且我坚信他们会继续沿着正确的道路前进。",[19,86,87],{},"卢米斯：苏茜-汤普森-巴菲特基金会的情况如何？这一切对它来说意味着什么？",[19,89,90],{},"巴菲特：身为公司董事的你一直在认真观察基金会的工作，你也知道基金会总裁艾伦·格林伯格(Allen Greenberg)为管理基金会付出了大量的心血，而且成绩斐然。他采用的结果\u002F成本比率是我所见过的最好的办法。现在，他将继续沿着同一条道路前进，他不仅要管理苏茜的钱，还要管理我的钱。事实上，如果我先苏茜而去，而她已经开始分配我们的财富，这家基金会的规模会变得比现在还要大(目前它只有5 名员工)，它将成为她慈善捐款的主要渠道。基金会也让我的计划变得更为稳健，在我改动捐献财富的时间表之前，它也是我的财富的归宿。",[19,92,93],{},"卢米斯：是什么促使你改变了主意？",[19,95,96],{},"巴菲特：简单地说，我逐渐意识到，有一个杰出的基金会已逐渐形成了规模，它不必再像巴菲特基金会那样，为了达到空前的规模而历尽千辛万苦，而且它现在能够富有成效地使用我的资金。具体地说就是，这些年来我逐渐了解了盖茨夫妇，我们在一起度过了许多美好的时光。不仅如此**，我渐渐开始敬佩他们在其基金会所做的工作，我曾看过他们为基金会项目进行的演讲，他们为工作倾注的热情、激情和精力一直让我感到惊讶不已。可以说，他们两人齐心协力、全力以赴。比尔每年阅读几千页的文章，跟踪了解医学进展以及提供救助的手段。梅琳达经常与比尔一道周游世界，视察他们的善心是否结出了善果**。命运的不公让全世界数十亿人口生活在水深火热之中，而比尔和梅琳达一心一意尽其所能改善这种不平等的状况。",[19,98,99],{},"想想看，如果你的目标是把金钱返还给社会，用以解决没有相应资金基础的真正的重大问题，你能找到什么比求助于一对天资聪颖的年轻夫妇更好的答案呢？而且，他们的思想已经得到检验，他们已经显露出发展和壮大这项事业并正确处理它的能力。这样的机会千载难逢。我认识了两位在某个领域取得巨大成功的人，而且我有幸看到了他们在这个领域里所做的一切。我知道他们会持之以恒，他们一直用自己的钱从事这项工作，这样他们就不会生活在幻想的世界里，而且我基本同意他们的理论。如果我已经找到了实现目标的合适工具，我就没必要再等下去了。",[19,101,102],{},"拿我和他们一起做的事情与我在伯克希尔的工作作一番比较吧。在伯克希尔，我请来有才华而且很可靠的人管理公司，他们在工作岗位上取得了显著的成绩，而且这个成绩是我无法企及的。无论你希望做什么，还有什么比知人善任更合理呢？在高额奖金的高尔夫球比赛中，谁不会选择泰格·伍兹(TigerWoods)作为自己的代表呢？这就是我处置自己财富时的想法。",[19,104,105],{},"卢米斯：我想人们会非常好奇，你的决定以及你选择在这个特别的时刻宣布这一决定，与比尔·盖茨在6 月中旬作出的决定有多大联系。他当时宣布将逐渐淡出微软公司的管理工作，开始把大部分精力投入他的基金会。这里有什么故事？",[19,107,108],{},"巴菲特：我知道，这两项决定所选择的时间如此接近，好像意味着它们之间有一定的联系。但这纯属巧合。无论盖茨是否宣布自己的行动，我都会立刻公布自己的计划。事实上，即使他永远保留他在微软公司的工作，我仍会作出这样的决定。另一方面，我很高兴他准备把更多的时间用于基金会的工作。我想，当他和梅琳达得知有更多资源可以利用时，他们会非常高兴。",[19,110,111],{},"卢米斯：你是否觉得全世界第二大富翁向第一大富翁赠送巨额钱财有些讽刺意味？",[19,113,114],{},"巴菲特：如果你从这个角度看的话，这听起来确实有些滑稽。但事实上，我是请他和梅琳达转交这笔钱，而不是把钱给他。",[19,116,117],{},"卢米斯：有人说，盖茨基金会存在官僚主义作风，而你最不喜欢的就是官僚主义。你如何评价这种指责？",[19,119,120],{},"巴菲特：可以说，大多数大型组织多多少少存在一些官僚主义现象，但伯克希尔是个杰出的例外。不管怎样，有些人在指责盖茨夫妇基金会存在官僚主义时，他们想表达的真正意思是，基金会的重大决策只掌握在比尔和梅琳达两个人的手中。对此，我很高兴。我希望由他们两人作出重要决定。",[19,122,123],{},"卢米斯：你加入盖茨夫妇基金会的董事会有何意义？",[19,125,126],{},"巴菲特：没什么太大的意义。我这样做的最主要原因是预防他们两人同时乘坐的飞机失事。除此之外，我希望不时为他们提供一些建设性的建议。但是，我觉得我不像比尔和梅琳达那样适合做慈善家。慈善事业的反馈非常慢，这让我很不耐烦，还不得不与许多我不想见的人频繁会面，聆听许多我不愿意听的观点。但是，我不愿意自己犯错误，我更希望让那些我完全相信能够出色完成工作的人替我犯错误。总而言之，比尔和梅琳达的平均成功率将远高于我。",[19,128,129],{},"卢米斯：在决定公布这一计划之前，你有没有和其他人讨论过这个重大的决定？",[19,131,132],{},"巴菲特：当然，我和我的孩子、艾伦·格林伯格以及包括我儿子霍华德和查理·芒格在内的伯克希尔的4 位董事讨论过这件事。大家向我提出了许多问题，有些人起初对这个计划产生过疑虑，因为这使得他们的预想产生了突变。但我要说，所有的人(其中当然包括艾伦，他很清楚扩大巴菲特基金会将意味着什么)全都逐渐理解了我这么做的道理。现在，所有关心这一决定的人都迫不及待地希望开始实施这项计划，尤其是我。",[19,134,135],{},"坦率地说，我有一些小小的愿望，我希望我的行动能鼓励其他希望投身慈善事业的富人，让他们相信并不一定要成立自己的基金会，他们可以寻找已经成立而且能够处理好他们财富的基金会，然后择优而用。人们在投资时往往就采用这样的方法，他们把钱交给他们认为能够做得比自己更好的人去打理。把这种想法运用到你的财富上，同样能得到一些切实的好处。此举远胜于自己成立某个组织，并且在你过世后请一批多年的商业合作伙伴或员工负责管理，最终这些人将独断专行。还有20 位身价至少为10 亿美元的富翁已进入垂暮之年，他们中的一些人采纳我这个计划的部分环节也不为过。大部分富豪面临的难题是，他们年事已高，而他们同时代的人尚未进入巅峰期，而且未来也没有太多的时间。在这方面，我很幸运，可以向年轻人求助。",[19,137,138],{},"卢米斯：这一切对伯克希尔来说又意味着什么呢？",[19,140,141],{},"巴菲特：实际上没有什么影响。任何了解我的人都会明白，我想让伯克希尔尽可能地做到最好，这仍然是我的目标。我不会作出任何改变，因为我没有能力改变。股权证上的名字将改变，但仅此而已。我一直向伯克希尔股东明确表示，我从公司获得的财富将投向慈善事业，因此我开始真正着手实施这一计划，对他们而言这只不过是煞有介事、走走过场而已。而且你也知道，尽管这个决定也许会让有些人感到吃惊，但从某种程度上说，我也不过是走下流程。我对泰德·特纳(CNN 创始人TedTuner)的慈善行为钦佩有加，他曾告诉我，当他签下10 亿美元的承诺时，他的手颤抖了。但我不会。对我而言，这个决定根本不会对情绪造成任何影响。",[19,143,144],{},"卢米斯：基金会收到你赠送的股票后是否会把它卖掉？",[19,146,147],{},"巴菲特：是的，在某些情况下的确会如此。巴菲特基金会和我的子女们的基金会在收到股票后必须尽快脱手，因为这将是他们唯一的资产，他们需要把股票兑换成现金，然后再赠送出去。盖茨夫妇基金会的选择余地要大得多，因为它名下有许多其他资产，因此它有一定的灵活性，可以选择该把哪一部分转变成现金，比尔和梅琳达将对此作出决定。我不会干预该基金会作出的任何投资决定，这样他们就能放手做他们认为是正确的事。也许他们会决定出售大部分其他资产，而保留部分伯克希尔的股票，这是个绝佳的商业组合；它不会是不适合基金会拥有的资产。但是，我不会以任何形态或形式阻碍基金会的活动。",[19,149,150],{},"卢米斯：那么，你每年赠送出去的股票都有可能在市场上交易？",[19,152,153],{},"巴菲特：没错，这很有可能。人们自然会关心这种抛售行为是否会压低伯克希尔的股价。我认为这根本不可能，即使伯克希尔的年换手率一直保持在15%的水平上，也不会有影响，对于一只拥有庞大市值的股票来说，这一换手率是很低的。假设这5 家基金会把今年获得的股票全部抛出，如果交易量与以往持平，它们的抛售行为最多把换手率提高到17%。认为大量新的抛售行为会影响伯克希尔股价的想法是荒谬的，事实上，供应量的增加甚至有益于提高伯克希尔股票的流动性，而且更有希望让伯克希尔最终纳入标准普尔500 指数。",[19,155,156],{},"我想告诉大家：如果我的捐赠行为会对伯克希尔的股东造成伤害，那我就不会作出这项决定了，这一行为也不会伤害公司。",[19,158,159],{},"卢米斯：从长远来说，这个计划似乎将决定你持有的伯克希尔所有股票的命运。这是否意味着你不会直接赠与你的家人任何财富？",[19,161,162,163],{},"巴菲特：不是这样的。我一直以来说的一句话是，我的家人不会从我的净财富中获得巨额馈赠。但这并不意味着他们什么也得不到。我的孩子已经从我和苏茜那里得到了部分钱财，而且他们还会得到更多。我仍然坚持这个观点(《财富》杂志在20 年前就曾引用过我的这段话)，",[50,164,165],{},"富人留给孩子的财富应该足够他们做任何事情，而不是足够他们无所事事。",[19,167,168],{},"记得我前面说过在收购伯克希尔的时候，我在公司以外的现金还远不足100 万美元吗？而之后我就凭这些钱进行了一些回报丰厚的投资，我建立了一些对伯克希尔来说微不足道的仓位，进行了一些收入固定的套利交易，并且出售了手中持有的从伯克希尔中拆分出去的一家银行的股份。所以，我很高兴地告诉你，我现在手头上有不少现金。总之，我能够而且会利用我在伯克希尔持有的全部股票从事慈善事业，而且我手头还留有大量财产，以便送给所有近的人。",[19,170,171],{},"",[173,174,175],"h4",{"id":175},"关于三个孩子的基金会",[19,177,178],{},"2006 年6 月26 日",[19,180,181],{},"Mr. Howard G. Buffett \u002F Howard G. Buffett Foundation(HGB)",[19,183,184],{},"Ms. Susan A. Buffett \u002F The Susan A. Buffett Foundation(SAB)",[19,186,187],{},"Mr. Peter A. Buffett \u002F NoVo Foundation(NoVo)",[19,189,190],{},"Dear Howie\u002FSooz\u002FPeter：",[19,192,193],{},"我为你管理我和妈妈为你建立的基金会资金的方式感到非常自豪。你的想法很好，你的行动有效地帮助了那些比我们家不幸的人。因此，我希望每年将伯克希尔的股份捐赠给HGB\u002FSAB\u002FNoVo 基金会，这将使你们能够实质性地大幅扩大你们的活动。",[19,195,196],{},"我以这封信向HGB\u002FSAB\u002FNoVo 基金会做出一个终生承诺，这取决于两个条件。第一，你在基金会的活动中保持活力和积极性。第二，HGB\u002FSAB\u002FNoVo 必须继续满足法律要求，使我的捐赠符合慈善性质，而不受赠与或其他税收的影响。",[19,198,199],{},"我的承诺如下：我将承诺捐赠HGB\u002FSAB\u002FNoVo 基金会35 万股B 股。(我目前只持有A 股，但很快会将其中一些转换为B 股。)从下个月开始，每年的7 月，指定用途股份余额的5%将捐赠给Novo 基金会。例如，2006年将捐出17500 股股票(目前价值超过5000 万美元)。2007 年将捐出16625 股(占2006 年捐赠后剩余332500股的5%)，此后每年捐出的股份将减少5%。",[19,201,202],{},"当然，伯克希尔股票的价值每年都会有所不同。而且，如前所述，HGB\u002FSAB\u002FNoVo 基金会收到的股票数量将每年减少5%。尽管如此，我相信你可以合理地预期，你将收到的伯克希尔股票的价值将以不规则的方式增加，增加的金额将超过你将收到的股票减少的金额。随着时间的推移，金额的增幅可能会是巨大的。",[19,204,205],{},"Mike Sorrell 告诉我，我的身体非常健康，我当然感觉到了。然而，如果我丧失了行为能力，无法管理我的事务，我将指示任何处理我事务的人，履行我在这封信中所作的承诺。此外，我将很快写一份新的遗嘱，规定在我去世后，通过分配剩余的指定股份或以其他方式继续履行这一承诺。",[19,207,208],{},"我认为伯克希尔的股票是支撑基金会长期健康发展的理想资产。该公司拥有多元化且强大的收益来源，直布罗陀般的财务实力，以及一种根深蒂固的为股东谋求最大利益的文化。优秀的管理者可以接替我。随着伯克希尔进行新的收购和扩大现有业务，我预计它将变得越来越强大，利润也会越来越多。",[19,210,211],{},"有一些想法(但不是指示)：把新的资金和你的精力集中在相对较少的活动上，在这些活动中HGB\u002FSAB\u002FNoVo基金会可以发挥重要的作用。把你的资源集中在那些没有你的努力就无法满足的需求上。相反地，避免为许多有价值的活动提供小额的捐款，因为这些活动有许多可能的资助者，而且很有可能没有你的帮助也能继续进行。考虑和你的兄弟姐妹一起做重要的项目。关注你的家庭社区，但要有更广阔的视野。判断项目是否符合你的目标以及其成功的机会，而不是谁提出的要求。预计会犯一些错误；如果你只做出“安全”的决定，就不会完成任何重要的事情。",[19,213,214],{},"HGB\u002FSAB\u002FNoVo 基金会不一定需要在收到资金的年份花掉所有流入的资金。你可以在积累经验和制定长远目标的同时积累资源。但是，因为你每年都会收到捐赠，所以你没有必要建立大量的资本储备。",[19,216,217],{},"我觉得自己很幸运，因为我有三个孩子，他们愿意把大部分时间和精力花在有益于他人的项目上。我为你们所做的事情感到骄傲，你母亲也会为你们感到骄傲的。",[19,219,220],{},"爱你的",[19,222,223],{},"Dad",[173,225,226],{"id":226},"关于妻子的基金会",[19,228,229],{},"Susan Thompson Buffett Foundation(STB)董事会",[19,231,232],{},"尊敬的各位董事：",[19,234,235],{},"我很高兴看到Allen 和你们实现了 Susie 对基金会的愿望。她和我成立了STB 基金会，专注于资助那些资金来源非常有限的重要社会问题。在Allen 的领导下，该基金会取得了超出了我们期望的巨大成功。每一美元的投入都带来了巨大的成果。",[19,237,238],{},"是时候增加这些美元的规模了。在这封信中，我做出了一个终身承诺：每年捐赠给STB 基金会的伯克希尔股票，将使其支付能力增加一倍以上。最初的捐赠将使你们的年度支付能力增加约1.5 亿美元。这一承诺的唯一条件是，STB 基金会必须继续满足法律要求，使我的捐赠符合慈善捐赠，并且不受捐赠或其他税收的影响。",[19,240,241],{},"我的承诺如下：我将指定100 万股B 股用于STB 基金会的捐赠。(我目前只持有A 股，但很快会将其中一部分转换为B 股)从下个月开始，每年的7 月，指定用途股份余额的5%，将捐赠给STB 基金会。举个例子，2006年将捐出5 万股。2007 年，将捐出47500 股(占2006 年捐款后剩余95 万股的5%)，此后每年捐出的股份将减少5%。",[19,243,244],{},"当然，伯克希尔股票的价值每年都会有所不同。而且，如前所述，STB 基金会收到的股票数量将每年减少5%。尽管如此，我相信你们可以合理地预期，你们将收到的伯克希尔股票的价值将以不规则的方式增加，增加的金额将超过你将收到的股票减少的金额。随着时间的推移，金额的增幅可能会是巨大的。",[19,246,247],{},"STB 基金会可以依靠这一承诺，立即扩大其慈善活动的范围。我的医生告诉我，我的健康状况非常好，我当然也感觉到了。然而，如果我丧失行为能力，无法处理我的事务，我将指示处理我事务的人，履行我在这封信中所作的承诺。此外，我将很快写一份新的遗嘱，规定在我去世后，通过分配剩余的指定股份或以其他方式继续履行这一承诺。",[19,249,208],{},[19,251,211],{},[19,253,254],{},"我希望STB 基金会只专注于一两个重要的问题，尽管我也希望它能不时地在各个领域做出一些较小的贡献，包括一些地方性的贡献。基金会的专注政策在过去产生了非凡的成果，并为未来重演这一业绩提供了最佳前景。",[19,256,257],{},"我为STB 基金会所取得的成就感到无比自豪。你们可以肯定，Susie 也会这么做的。",[19,259,260],{},"真诚的， 沃伦·E·巴菲特 -",[173,262,263],{"id":263},"关于比尔梅琳达盖茨基金会",[19,265,266],{},"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation(BMG)董事会",[19,268,269],{},"Dear Bill and Melinda：",[19,271,272],{},"我非常钦佩BMG 基金会所取得的成就，并希望大幅扩大其未来的能力。因此，通过这封信，我不可撤销地承诺，为了BMG 的利益，我将终生每年向其捐赠伯克希尔B 股。第一年的捐赠将使BMG 的年度捐款额增加约15亿美元。未来，我预计每年捐赠的价值会不规则地上涨，但最终会大幅上涨。",[19,274,275],{},"机制如下：我将指定1000 万股B 股作为BMG 的捐款。(我目前只持有A 股，但很快会将其中一部分转换为 B 股)在每年的7 月，或您选择的较晚日期，指定股份余额的5%，将直接捐赠给BMG 基金会或慈善中介机构，该机构将为BMG 的利益持有指定股份。例如，2006 年将捐赠50 万股。2007 年，将捐赠47.5 万股(占2006 年缴款后剩余950 万股的5%)，此后每年捐出的股份将减少5%。",[19,277,278],{},"这一终生的承诺有三个条件。首先，你们中至少有一个人必须继续活跃在BMG 基金会的政策制定和管理中。第二，BMG(或任何中介机构)必须继续满足法律要求，使我的捐赠符合慈善性质，而不受捐赠或其他税收的影响。最后，基金会年度捐献支出必须至少等于我的年度捐赠价值加上BGM 净资产的5%。我预计会有两年的加速期，在此期间，这项条件将不适用。但是从2009 年开始，BMG 基金会的年度捐赠必须至少等于我上一年捐赠的价值加上BMG 净资产的5%。但是，如果在任何一年超过这一数额，超额部分可以结转，以抵消以后各年的差额。同样，某一年的差额可以在下一年弥补。",[19,280,281],{},"当然，伯克希尔股票的价值每年都会有所不同。而且，如前所述，分配的股份数量将每年减少5%。尽管如",[19,283,284],{},"此，我相信你可以合理地预期伯克希尔股票的价值会以一种不规则的方式增加，增加的数量超过了将要分配的股票数量的减少。",[19,286,287],{},"BMG 可以依靠这一承诺，立即和永久地扩大其捐赠活动。我的医生告诉我，我的健康状况非常好，我当然也感觉到了。然而，如果我丧失行为能力，无法处理我的事务，我将指示处理我事务的人，履行我在这封信中所作的承诺。此外，我将很快写一份新的遗嘱，规定在我去世后，通过分配剩余的指定股份或以其他方式继续履行这一承诺。",[19,289,208],{},[19,291,292],{},"我希望BMG 基金会的捐助是深度的，而不是广度的。你们致力于几个非常重要但资金不足的问题，我相信这项政策最有可能使你们实现具有重大影响的目标。BMG 基金会目前的支出增加一倍，可以提高基金会在解决其目前关注的社会问题方面，已经令人印象深刻的效率。",[19,294,295],{},"通过基金会的工作，你们两人都运用了真正非凡的智慧、精力和爱心，来改善数百万人类同胞的生活，他们还没有像我们三个一样幸运。你做到了这一点，而不考虑肤色、性别、宗教或地理。我很高兴为你继续这项工作提供更多的资源。",[19,297,298],{},"真诚的 沃伦·E·巴菲特",[173,300,302],{"id":301},"_2012-年8-月30-日","2012 年8 月30 日",[19,304,305],{},"Dear Susie, Howie，Peter：",[19,307,308],{},"六年前，我承诺向你们每个基金会捐赠1750 万股伯克希尔B 股(按50:1 的拆分比例调整)。",[19,310,311],{},"我知道你会运用你们的聪明才智和精力，来充分利用我礼物的资金。然而，你们远远超出了我的期望。你们的妈妈会和我一样为你们感到骄傲。我看到了她对你们所取得成就的影响。",[19,313,314],{},"因此，我决定将目前的12220852 股B 股的原始认捐额增加一倍。在新的24441704 股认捐B 股数的基础上，我将于明年7 月向三个基金会各分配1222085 股，之后金额每年会减少5%。",[19,316,317],{},"随着时间的推移，我预计年度分配的价值平均将超过1 亿美元，尽管每年会有很大差异。我相信你们会以自己的方式明智地使用这笔钱。",[19,319,220],{},[19,321,223],{},[173,323,325],{"id":324},"_2021-年6-月23-日","2021 年6 月23 日",[19,327,328],{},"巴菲特关于他每年向五个基金会捐赠伯克希尔股票的评论",[19,330,331],{},"今天对我来说是一个里程碑。2006 年，我承诺将我所有的伯克希尔的股票(超过我净资产的99%)捐给慈善事业。到今天已经捐赠了41 亿美元，我已经成功了一半。2006 年6 月，我持有A 股474998 股。现在，我持有 238624 股，价值1000 亿美元。所有这些都注定要做慈善事业。在我的计划进行到一半的时候，我想回顾一点历史，并提出几个主题，供慈善家、政府和公众进一步思考。",[19,333,334],{},"一，我的个人情况",[19,336,337],{},"世界上最简单的事情就是把对你或你的家人永远不会有任何实际用处的钱送出去。这种给予是没用痛苦的，很可能会给你和你的孩子带来更好的生活。",[19,339,340],{},"支付巨额款项的第二步更具挑战性，特别是当目标是，集中解决长期以来难以攻克甚至难以削弱的关键问题。大规模毁灭性武器的幽灵仍然没有减弱。私人慈善事业能缓解网络对社会的威胁吗？",[19,342,343],{},"我自己的案例说明了第一个更令人愉快的观点。几十年来，我仅仅通过做自己喜欢做的事，就积累了一笔几乎无法理解的财富。我没有做出任何牺牲，我的家人也没有。复利、长长的跑道、出色的同事和我们令人难以置信的国家都发挥了他们的魔力。社会需要我的钱，而我不需要。",[19,345,346],{},"请理解，这些话不是告别演说；我将继续从事我喜欢的工作，做我喜欢的事情，在我喜欢的同事的帮助下，努力配置那些长期信任我的人的储蓄。我仍然享受在球场上带球的感觉。但是很明显，对我来说，这场比赛已经过了第四节，进入了加时赛。",[19,348,349],{},"二，最令人敬佩的慈善家",[19,351,352],{},"一种比我的善款更令人钦佩的形式是奉献个人时间和精力。我几乎没做什么。那些为了直接帮助他人而献出自己的爱心和时间的人，也许还会加上一份金钱的礼物，要求他们放弃购买有意义的自用物品，他们才是慈善事业的英雄。美国有数百万这样的捐赠者。",[19,354,355],{},"这些人无论是指导年轻人、帮助老年人，还是为改善社区贡献宝贵的时间，都没有得到认可。他们没有以自己的名字命名的建筑物，但他们默默地使这些设施，学校、医院、教堂、图书馆等等顺利运作，以造福那些在生活中接受短期救济的人。我没有以类似的方式投入我的时间和精力。",[19,357,358],{},"三，我的家族内部的对比",[19,360,361],{},"我的姐姐Doris 去年去世了，她全心全意地帮助了成千上万的人。我把她的努力称为“零售”慈善事业。相比之下，我选择了更容易的“批发”方式，这在很大程度上取决于我在2006 年选择的五个基金会。我把艰苦的工作委派给了他们。",[19,363,364],{},"致力于我的慈善计划16 年后，我对它的运作感到高兴。五个基金会都制定了自己的路线，所有五个基金会的领导人都努力工作，卓有成效。我个人的参与基本上是零，这让我有时间去做我喜欢的事情。",[19,366,367],{},"多年来我一直是我资金的唯一接收者：比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会(BMG)的受托人，一个不活跃的受托人。我现在要辞去这一职位，就像我在伯克希尔以外的所有公司董事会所做的那样。BMG 基金会的CEO 是Mark Suzman，他是最近被选中的一位杰出人士，我完全支持他。我的目标与基金会的目标100%的同步，实现这些目标，根本不需要我的身体参与。",[19,369,370],{},"四，慈善事业现在是一个热门话题",[19,372,373],{},"这种关注是恰当的，原因之一是，所有或部分慈善捐款可以为捐赠者带来可观的税收减免。然而，这种好处远非自动产生的。",[19,375,376],{},"就我个人而言，我捐赠给五个基金会的410 亿美元的伯克希尔股票，每1000 美元只能节省大约40 美分的税款。那是因为我的收入相对较少。我的财富仍然几乎全部部署在，我通过伯克希尔持股所拥有的纳税企业中，伯克希尔定期将收益进行再投资，以进一步增加其产出、就业和利润。我从其他资产中获得的收入可以让我随心所欲地生活。我的需求很简单，让我在40 岁时快乐的东西，在90 岁依然让我快乐。",[19,378,379],{},"尽管如此，税收减免对许多人来说很重要，特别是对那些向慈善事业捐赠大量现金或证券的超级富豪来说。",[19,381,382],{},"国会定期重新审视慈善捐款的税收政策是合适的，特别是针对那些“富有想象力”的捐赠者。",[19,384,385],{},"五，富人应该在人生的哪个阶段投身慈善事业?",[19,387,388],{},"我每年向我捐赠的五个基金会提供的16 笔捐款在捐赠时价值410 亿美元。按照我的指示，这些资金将很快就花掉或承付了。如果我等到现在才把股份给他们，他们就会给这五个基金会带来1000 亿美元。那么问题就变成了：如果我再等一段时间再分配股票，社会最终是否会受益更多?",[19,390,391],{},"我的第一任妻子和我在慈善目标上完全一致。然而，她喜欢在我们年轻的时候捐出一大笔钱，那时我们的净资产只是最终财富的一小部分。我坚持了很久，仍然被复利的结果迷住了。我也被保持对伯克希尔绝对的控制权的愿望所束缚。只是在我妻子去世后，我在75 岁时踩下了油门。",[19,393,394],{},"决定何时从建立慈善基金，转向耗尽这些基金，涉及到一个复杂的计算，它基于所涉资产的性质、家庭事务、很少承认的不“放手”的本能以及一系列其他变量。一种模式绝对不能适合所有人。",[19,396,397],{},"六，家族财富在美国仍然是一种选择",[19,399,400],{},"与大多数国家相比，家族行为在这里并不常见，它的吸引力可能会减弱。经过对超级富豪家庭的大量观察，我的建议是：给孩子们留下足够多的遗产，可以让他们做任何事情，但不要多到让他们什么都不做了。",[19,402,403],{},"我很高兴我的三个孩子(现在都60 多岁了)，都在从事既花时间又花钱的慈善事业。更重要的是，他们乐于参与帮助别人。他们遗传了他们母亲的基因。",[19,405,406],{},"七，结论",[19,408,409],{},"我很乐观。尽管反对者比比皆是，就像我一生中遇到的那样，但美国最美好的日子肯定还在前方。自1776 年以来，这里发生的一切都不是历史的偶然。",[19,411,412],{},"慈善事业将继续将人才与资本结合起来。企业和政府也将如此。每一种力量都有其独特的优劣势。它们结合在一起，将创造一个更美好的世界，一个对子孙后代来说更美好的世界。",[173,414,416],{"id":415},"_2023-年11-月21-日","2023 年11 月21 日",[19,418,419],{},"今天，沃伦·E·巴菲特将1600 股A 股转换为240 万股B 股，以便将这些B 股股份捐给四个家族基金会：",[19,421,422],{},"Susan Thompson Buffett 基金会150 万股，Sherwood 基金会、Howard G. Buffett 基金会和NoVo 基金会各 30 万股。这些捐款已于今天送达。",[19,424,425],{},"巴菲特对其他股东的解释如下：",[19,427,428],{},"上面列出的捐赠重复了去年感恩节时的捐赠。它们补充了我在2006 年作出的一些终身承诺，这些承诺会一直持续到我去世(我现在93 岁，感觉依然很好，但完全意识到我在打加时赛)。2006 年的认捐可在BRK 官网上查阅，其中包括各种条件，所有这些条件都将继续得到接受捐赠者的满足。",[19,430,431],{},"我的三个孩子现在的年龄在65-70 岁之间，这让他们的父亲很难相信。几年来，他们的基金会已经分发了大量的款项，偶尔也会分发给同一个受赠者。然而，通常情况下，这三者遵循的是不同的道路。",[19,433,434],{},"我的孩子们，还有他们的父亲，都有一个共同的信念，那就是，尽管在包括美国在内的世界大部分地区，家族财富都是合法和普遍的，但并不可取。此外，我们有很多机会观察到，富有并不使你变得聪明或邪恶。我们还一致认为，资本主义不管它有什么弱点，包括它给公民带来的财富和政治影响力方面的巨大差异，它都已经创造了一个奇迹，并将继续创造奇迹。美国就是这一信念的最好例证，我们四个人都为自己出生在美国而感到幸运。",[19,436,437],{},"我的三个孩子是我目前的遗嘱执行人，也是慈善信托的指定受托人，根据遗嘱的规定，他们将获得我99%以上的财富。他们在2006 年还没有完全准备好承担这一令人敬畏的责任，但现在他们准备好了。",[19,439,440],{},"在管理遗嘱信托时，三者必须一致行动。由于死亡的随机性，都必须始终指定接任者。信托的章程将会很宽泛。关于慈善事业的法律会不时改变，明智的受托人比那些早已去世的人所写的任何约束都更可取。无论规则是什么，但规则是必要的，而且私人慈善事业在美国将永远占有重要的地位。",[19,442,443],{},"遗嘱信托将在十年左右后自行清算，并在精简人员的情况下运作。在可能的情况下，它将由伯克希尔的股票提供资金。伯克希尔是世界上最大、最多元化的公司之一，再决策和行为上将不可避免地遇到人为错误。这些都发生在所有大型组织，无论是公共组织还是私人公司。但这些错误在伯克希尔不太可能是严重的，它会得到承认和纠正。我们有合适的CEO 来接替我，也有合适的董事会。两者都是必需的。",[19,445,446],{},"在短期内，我持有的大量伯克希尔股份将支撑伯克希尔的独特特征和行为。然而，不久之后，伯克希尔将赢得它应得的声誉。衰败可能发生在所有类型的大型机构，无论是政府机构、慈善机构还是营利机构。但这并非不可避免。伯克希尔的优势在于它是为了更持久而建立的。",[19,448,449],{},"我去世后，我的资产处置将会公开，没有使用'富有想象力'的信托或外国实体来躲避公众的监督，就是一份简单的遗嘱，可供Douglas 县法院检查。",[19,451,452],{},"在感恩节，我有很多要感谢的。我祝愿所有伯克希尔的合伙人以及你们的家人，健康幸福。",[23,454,455,458],{},[19,456,457],{},"关于伯克希尔",[19,459,460],{},"伯克希尔及其子公司从事多种商业活动，包括保险和再保险、公用事业和能源、铁路货运、制造、零售和服务。公司普通股在纽交所上市，交易代码为BRK.A 和BRK.B。",[173,462,464],{"id":463},"_2024-年6-月28-日","2024 年6 月28 日",[19,466,467],{},"今天，沃伦巴菲特将把8,674 股A 股转换为13,011,000 股B 股，向五家基金会捐赠13,008,758 股BRK-B股：9,930,357 股捐赠给Bill & Melinda Gates 基金会信托基金，993,035 股捐赠给Susan Thompson Buffett基金会，695,122 股分别捐赠给Sherwood 基金会、Howard G. Buffett 基金会和NoVo 基金会。这些捐赠将于今天交付。目前，巴菲特先生持有的伯克希尔股份包括207,963 股A 股和2,586 股B 股。",[173,469,471],{"id":470},"巴菲特先生的评论如下","巴菲特先生的评论如下：",[19,473,474],{},"对五个基金会的终身捐赠承诺的数学计算很有意思。2006 年6 月26 日我制定了年度赠款计划时间表，此后又向五家受赠基金会中的四家提供了大笔赠款。最初做出捐赠承诺时，我拥有474,998 股伯克希尔A 股，价值约 430 亿美元，这些股票占我净资产的98%以上。在捐款之前，我已将A 股先行转换为B 股。",[19,476,477],{},"在随后的18 年里，我既没有买入也没有卖出任何A 股或B 股，也不打算这样做。五个基金会收到伯克希尔B股时的价值约为550 亿美元，大大超过了我在2006 年时的全部净资产。我没有任何债务，剩余的A 股价值约 1,270 亿美元，约占我净资产的99.5%。",[19,479,480],{},"伯克希尔并没有发生什么特别重大的事情；一条很长的跑道、简单但总体稳健的资本配置、美国的顺风和复利效应造就了我目前的财富。我的遗嘱规定，我99%以上的财产将用于慈善事业。终身承诺在我去世时失效，或者在2006 年信函中规定的某些条件出现时提前失效。所有这些条件都将继续得到满足。",[19,482,483],{},"我在2023 年11 月21 日的信中列出了我的遗嘱程序，这些程序在我去世前不太可能更改。我去世后，我当时的遗嘱就会公开。",[23,485,486,488],{},[19,487,457],{},[19,489,490],{},"伯克希尔哈撒韦公司及其子公司从事多种商业活动，包括保险和再保险、公用事业和能源、铁路货运、制造业、零售业和服务业。公司普通股在纽交所上市，交易代码为BRK.A 和BRK.B。",[492,493],"hr",{},{"title":495,"searchDepth":496,"depth":496,"links":497},"",2,[498],{"id":16,"depth":496,"text":17},"访谈与文章",null,"巴菲特接受卡罗尔·卢米斯专访，解释其巨额慈善捐赠的决定，强调财富再分配与社会责任的重要性。","md",{},true,64,"\u002Fbuffett\u002Finterview\u002Fba-fei-te-2006nian-wo-wei-shi-me-kang-kai-jie-nang",{"title":5,"description":501},"巴菲特：2006年我为什么慷慨解囊｜巴菲特","ba-fei-te-2006nian-wo-wei-shi-me-kang-kai-jie-nang","buffett\u002Finterview\u002Fba-fei-te-2006nian-wo-wei-shi-me-kang-kai-jie-nang","CebKxb1WMfFtPEHgZOoDDLM0OosRLTyV8F5oQSfuguM","buffett",[514,519,522,526,529,532,535,539,542,545,549,552,555,559,562,565,569,572,575,579,582,585,589,592,595,599,602,605,609,612,615,619,622,625,629,632,635,639,642,645,649,652,655,659,662,665,669,672,675,679,682,685,689,692,695,700,703,706,710,713,716,720,723,726,730,733,736,740,743,746,750,753,756,760,763,766,770,773,776,780,783,786,790,793,796,800,803,806,810,813,816,820,823,826,830,833,836,840,843,846,850,853,857,860,864,867,871,874,878,881,885,888,892,895,899,902,906,909,913,916,920,923,927,930,934,937,941,944,948,951,955,958,962,965,969,972,976,979,983,986,990,993,997,1000,1004,1007,1011,1014,1018,1021,1025,1028,1032,1035,1039,1042,1046,1049,1053,1056,1059,1060,1064,1067,1071,1074,1078,1081,1085,1088,1092,1095,1099,1102,1106,1109,1113,1116,1120,1123,1127,1130,1134,1137,1141,1144,1148,1151,1155,1158,1162,1165,1169,1172,1176,1179,1183,1186,1190,1193,1197,1200,1204,1207,1211,1214,1218,1221,1225,1228,1232,1235,1239,1242,1246,1249,1253,1256,1260,1263,1267,1270,1274,1277,1281,1284,1288,1291,1295,1298,1302,1305,1309,1312,1316,1320,1324,1328,1332,1336,1340,1344,1348,1352,1356,1360,1364,1368,1372,1376,1380,1384,1388,1392,1396,1400,1404,1408,1412,1416,1420,1424,1428,1432,1436,1440,1444,1448,1452,1456,1460,1464,1468,1472,1476,1480,1484,1488,1492,1496,1500,1504,1508,1512],{"title":515,"slug":516,"category":517,"order":518},"1956 有限合伙协议","1956-you-xian-he-huo-xie-yi","致合伙人信",1,{"title":520,"slug":521,"category":499,"order":518},"巴菲特：1951年最看好的股票：GEICO 保险","ba-fei-te-1951nian-zui-kan-hao-de-gu-piao-geico-bao-xian",{"title":523,"slug":524,"category":525,"order":518},"1994年伯克希尔股东大会","1994nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui","股东大会",{"title":527,"slug":528,"category":517,"order":496},"1957 巴菲特致合伙人信","1957-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",{"title":530,"slug":531,"category":499,"order":496},"巴菲特：1953年我最看好的股票：西部保险","ba-fei-te-1953nian-wo-zui-kan-hao-de-gu-piao-xi-bu-bao-xian",{"title":533,"slug":534,"category":525,"order":496},"1995年伯克希尔股东大会","1995nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":536,"slug":537,"category":517,"order":538},"1958 巴菲特致合伙人信","1958-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",3,{"title":540,"slug":541,"category":499,"order":538},"巴菲特：1957年我最看好的股票：人寿保险","ba-fei-te-1957nian-wo-zui-kan-hao-de-gu-piao-ren-shou-bao-xian",{"title":543,"slug":544,"category":525,"order":538},"1996年伯克希尔股东大会","1996nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":546,"slug":547,"category":517,"order":548},"1959 巴菲特致合伙人信","1959-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",4,{"title":550,"slug":551,"category":499,"order":548},"巴菲特：1957年最看好的股票：油气资产管理公司","ba-fei-te-1957nian-zui-kan-hao-de-gu-piao-you-qi-zi-chan-guan-li-gong-si",{"title":553,"slug":554,"category":525,"order":548},"1997年伯克希尔股东大会","1997nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":556,"slug":557,"category":517,"order":558},"1960 巴菲特致合伙人信","1960-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",5,{"title":560,"slug":561,"category":499,"order":558},"巴菲特：1972年巴菲特谈喜诗糖果","ba-fei-te-1972nian-ba-fei-te-tan-xi-shi-tang-guo",{"title":563,"slug":564,"category":525,"order":558},"1998年伯克希尔股东大会","1998nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":566,"slug":567,"category":517,"order":568},"1961 巴菲特致合伙人信","1961-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",6,{"title":570,"slug":571,"category":499,"order":568},"巴菲特：1974年击球啊,你这个笨蛋","ba-fei-te-1974nian-ji-qiu-a-ni-zhe-ge-ben-dan",{"title":573,"slug":574,"category":525,"order":568},"1999年伯克希尔股东大会","1999nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":576,"slug":577,"category":517,"order":578},"1961年中 巴菲特致合伙人信","1961nian-zhong-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",7,{"title":580,"slug":581,"category":499,"order":578},"巴菲特：1976年巴菲特谈GEICO","ba-fei-te-1976nian-ba-fei-te-tan-geico",{"title":583,"slug":584,"category":525,"order":578},"2000年伯克希尔股东大会","2000nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":586,"slug":587,"category":517,"order":588},"1962 巴菲特致合伙人信","1962-ba-fei-te-zhi-he-huo-ren-xin",8,{"title":590,"slug":591,"category":499,"order":588},"巴菲特：1976年怀念恩师格雷厄姆","ba-fei-te-1976nian-huai-nian-en-shi-ge-lei-e-mu",{"title":593,"slug":594,"category":525,"order":588},"2001年伯克希尔股东大会","2001nian-bo-ke-xi-er-gu-dong-da-hui",{"title":596,"slug":597,"category":517,"order":598},"1962年11月 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巴菲特致股东信","1973-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",44,{"title":921,"slug":922,"category":499,"order":919},"巴菲特：2003年内布拉斯加大学 林肯分校--领导力课程演讲","ba-fei-te-2003nian-nei-bu-la-si-jia-da-xue-lin-ken-fen-xiao-ling-dao-li-ke-cheng-yan-jiang",{"title":924,"slug":925,"category":698,"order":926},"1974 巴菲特致股东信","1974-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",45,{"title":928,"slug":929,"category":499,"order":926},"巴菲特：2003年对话沃顿商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2003nian-dui-hua-wo-dun-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":931,"slug":932,"category":698,"order":933},"1975 巴菲特致股东信","1975-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",46,{"title":935,"slug":936,"category":499,"order":933},"巴菲特：2003年对话田纳西大学学生","ba-fei-te-2003nian-dui-hua-tian-na-xi-da-xue-xue-sheng",{"title":938,"slug":939,"category":698,"order":940},"1976 巴菲特致股东信","1976-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",47,{"title":942,"slug":943,"category":499,"order":940},"巴菲特：2003年我为什么不看好美元","ba-fei-te-2003nian-wo-wei-shi-me-bu-kan-hao-mei-yuan",{"title":945,"slug":946,"category":698,"order":947},"1977 巴菲特致股东信","1977-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",48,{"title":949,"slug":950,"category":499,"order":947},"巴菲特：2003年沃伦在担心什么","ba-fei-te-2003nian-wo-lun-zai-dan-xin-shi-me",{"title":952,"slug":953,"category":698,"order":954},"1978 巴菲特致股东信","1978-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",49,{"title":956,"slug":957,"category":499,"order":954},"巴菲特：2003年股息巫术","ba-fei-te-2003nian-gu-xi-wu-shu",{"title":959,"slug":960,"category":698,"order":961},"1979 巴菲特致股东信","1979-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",50,{"title":963,"slug":964,"category":499,"order":961},"巴菲特：2004年与塔克商学院学生对谈","ba-fei-te-2004nian-yu-ta-ke-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng-dui-tan",{"title":966,"slug":967,"category":698,"order":968},"1980 巴菲特致股东信","1980-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",51,{"title":970,"slug":971,"category":499,"order":968},"巴菲特：2004年专访苏珊·巴菲特","ba-fei-te-2004nian-zhuan-fang-su-shan-ba-fei-te",{"title":973,"slug":974,"category":698,"order":975},"1981 巴菲特致股东信","1981-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",52,{"title":977,"slug":978,"category":499,"order":975},"巴菲特：2004年对话奥奎尔俱乐部","ba-fei-te-2004nian-dui-hua-ao-kui-er-ju-le-bu",{"title":980,"slug":981,"category":698,"order":982},"1982 巴菲特致股东信","1982-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",53,{"title":984,"slug":985,"category":499,"order":982},"巴菲特：2004年对话沃顿商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2004nian-dui-hua-wo-dun-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":987,"slug":988,"category":698,"order":989},"1983 巴菲特致股东信","1983-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",54,{"title":991,"slug":992,"category":499,"order":989},"巴菲特：2004年模糊数学与股票期权","ba-fei-te-2004nian-mo-hu-shu-xue-yu-gu-piao-qi-quan",{"title":994,"slug":995,"category":698,"order":996},"1984 巴菲特致股东信","1984-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",55,{"title":998,"slug":999,"category":499,"order":996},"巴菲特：2005年加州大学问答纪要","ba-fei-te-2005nian-jia-zhou-da-xue-luo-shan-ji-fen-xiao-an-de-sen-guan-li-xue-yuan-nan-jia-zhou-da-xue-ma-xie-er-shang-xue-yuan-wen-da-ji-yao",{"title":1001,"slug":1002,"category":698,"order":1003},"1985 巴菲特致股东信","1985-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",56,{"title":1005,"slug":1006,"category":499,"order":1003},"巴菲特：2005年与塔克商学院学生对谈","ba-fei-te-2005nian-yu-ta-ke-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng-dui-tan",{"title":1008,"slug":1009,"category":698,"order":1010},"1986 巴菲特致股东信","1986-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",57,{"title":1012,"slug":1013,"category":499,"order":1010},"巴菲特：2005年回忆进入证券行业","ba-fei-te-2005nian-hui-yi-jin-ru-zheng-quan-xing-ye",{"title":1015,"slug":1016,"category":698,"order":1017},"1987 巴菲特致股东信","1987-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",58,{"title":1019,"slug":1020,"category":499,"order":1017},"巴菲特：2005年对话内布拉斯加大学学生","ba-fei-te-2005nian-dui-hua-nei-bu-la-si-jia-da-xue-xue-sheng",{"title":1022,"slug":1023,"category":698,"order":1024},"1988 巴菲特致股东信","1988-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",59,{"title":1026,"slug":1027,"category":499,"order":1024},"巴菲特：2005年对话堪萨斯大学学生","ba-fei-te-2005nian-dui-hua-kan-sa-si-da-xue-xue-sheng",{"title":1029,"slug":1030,"category":698,"order":1031},"1989 巴菲特致股东信","1989-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",60,{"title":1033,"slug":1034,"category":499,"order":1031},"巴菲特：2005年对话范德比尔特大学学生","ba-fei-te-2005nian-dui-hua-fan-de-bi-er-te-da-xue-xue-sheng",{"title":1036,"slug":1037,"category":698,"order":1038},"1990 巴菲特致股东信","1990-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",61,{"title":1040,"slug":1041,"category":499,"order":1038},"巴菲特：2006年与沃顿商学院学生问答","ba-fei-te-2006nian-yu-wo-dun-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng-wen-da",{"title":1043,"slug":1044,"category":698,"order":1045},"1991 巴菲特致股东信","1991-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",62,{"title":1047,"slug":1048,"category":499,"order":1045},"巴菲特：2006年巴菲特慈善捐赠专访","ba-fei-te-2006nian-ba-fei-te-ci-shan-juan-zeng-zhuan-fang",{"title":1050,"slug":1051,"category":698,"order":1052},"1992 巴菲特致股东信","1992-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",63,{"title":1054,"slug":1055,"category":499,"order":1052},"巴菲特：2006年慈善捐赠承诺","ba-fei-te-2006nian-ci-shan-juan-zeng-cheng-nuo",{"title":1057,"slug":1058,"category":698,"order":505},"1993 巴菲特致股东信","1993-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",{"title":5,"slug":509,"category":499,"order":505},{"title":1061,"slug":1062,"category":698,"order":1063},"1994 巴菲特致股东信","1994-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",65,{"title":1065,"slug":1066,"category":499,"order":1063},"巴菲特：2006年给全体经理人备忘录","ba-fei-te-2006nian-gei-quan-ti-jing-li-ren-bei-wang-lu",{"title":1068,"slug":1069,"category":698,"order":1070},"1995 巴菲特致股东信","1995-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",66,{"title":1072,"slug":1073,"category":499,"order":1070},"巴菲特：2007年11月和比尔·盖茨、大学生对话实录（节目《富豪面对面》）","ba-fei-te-2007nian-11yue-he-bi-er-gai-ci-da-xue-sheng-dui-hua-shi-lu-jie-mu-fu-hao-mian-dui-mian",{"title":1075,"slug":1076,"category":698,"order":1077},"1996 巴菲特致股东信","1996-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",67,{"title":1079,"slug":1080,"category":499,"order":1077},"巴菲特：2007年对话佐治亚大学学生","ba-fei-te-2007nian-dui-hua-zuo-zhi-ya-da-xue-xue-sheng",{"title":1082,"slug":1083,"category":698,"order":1084},"1997 巴菲特致股东信","1997-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",68,{"title":1086,"slug":1087,"category":499,"order":1084},"巴菲特：2007年巴菲特接见Dardashti","ba-fei-te-2007nian-ba-fei-te-jie-jian-dardashti",{"title":1089,"slug":1090,"category":698,"order":1091},"1998 巴菲特致股东信","1998-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",69,{"title":1093,"slug":1094,"category":499,"order":1091},"巴菲特：2007年接受央视专访","ba-fei-te-2007nian-jie-shou-yang-shi-zhuan-fang",{"title":1096,"slug":1097,"category":698,"order":1098},"1999 巴菲特致股东信","1999-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",70,{"title":1100,"slug":1101,"category":499,"order":1098},"巴菲特：2007年接受欧洲MBA学生专访（珍贵精彩实录）","ba-fei-te-2007nian-jie-shou-ou-zhou-mbaxue-sheng-zhuan-fang-zhen-gui-jing-cai-shi-lu",{"title":1103,"slug":1104,"category":698,"order":1105},"2000 巴菲特致股东信","2000-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",71,{"title":1107,"slug":1108,"category":499,"order":1105},"巴菲特：2007年查理罗斯专访","ba-fei-te-2007nian-cha-li-luo-si-zhuan-fang",{"title":1110,"slug":1111,"category":698,"order":1112},"2001 巴菲特致股东信","2001-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",72,{"title":1114,"slug":1115,"category":499,"order":1112},"巴菲特：2008年21 世纪经济领导者采访","ba-fei-te-2008nian-21-shi-ji-jing-ji-ling-dao-zhe-cai-fang",{"title":1117,"slug":1118,"category":698,"order":1119},"2002 巴菲特致股东信","2002-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",73,{"title":1121,"slug":1122,"category":499,"order":1119},"巴菲特：2008年买入美国正当时","ba-fei-te-2008nian-mai-ru-mei-guo-zheng-dang-shi",{"title":1124,"slug":1125,"category":698,"order":1126},"2003 巴菲特致股东信","2003-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",74,{"title":1128,"slug":1129,"category":499,"order":1126},"巴菲特：2008年对话IVEY 商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2008nian-dui-hua-ivey-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":1131,"slug":1132,"category":698,"order":1133},"2004 巴菲特致股东信","2004-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",75,{"title":1135,"slug":1136,"category":499,"order":1133},"巴菲特：2008年对话商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2008nian-dui-hua-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":1138,"slug":1139,"category":698,"order":1140},"2005 巴菲特致股东信","2005-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",76,{"title":1142,"slug":1143,"category":499,"order":1140},"巴菲特：2008年对话瑞士洛桑国际管理学院","ba-fei-te-2008nian-dui-hua-rui-shi-luo-sang-guo-ji-guan-li-xue-yuan",{"title":1145,"slug":1146,"category":698,"order":1147},"2006 巴菲特致股东信","2006-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",77,{"title":1149,"slug":1150,"category":499,"order":1147},"巴菲特：2008年怀念恩师格雷厄姆","ba-fei-te-2008nian-huai-nian-en-shi-ge-lei-e-mu",{"title":1152,"slug":1153,"category":698,"order":1154},"2007 巴菲特致股东信","2007-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",78,{"title":1156,"slug":1157,"category":499,"order":1154},"巴菲特：2008年给保尔森的信","ba-fei-te-2008nian-gei-bao-er-sen-de-xin",{"title":1159,"slug":1160,"category":698,"order":1161},"2008 巴菲特致股东信","2008-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",79,{"title":1163,"slug":1164,"category":499,"order":1161},"巴菲特：2008年解析经济危机","ba-fei-te-2008nian-jie-xi-jing-ji-wei-ji",{"title":1166,"slug":1167,"category":698,"order":1168},"2009 巴菲特致股东信","2009-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",80,{"title":1170,"slug":1171,"category":499,"order":1168},"巴菲特：2008年财富杂志：沃伦之思","ba-fei-te-2008nian-cai-fu-za-zhi-wo-lun-zhi-si",{"title":1173,"slug":1174,"category":698,"order":1175},"2010 巴菲特致股东信","2010-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",81,{"title":1177,"slug":1178,"category":499,"order":1175},"巴菲特：2009年CNBC 专访","ba-fei-te-2009nian-cnbc-zhuan-fang",{"title":1180,"slug":1181,"category":698,"order":1182},"2011 巴菲特致股东信","2011-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",82,{"title":1184,"slug":1185,"category":499,"order":1182},"巴菲特：2009年对话六所商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2009nian-dui-hua-liu-suo-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":1187,"slug":1188,"category":698,"order":1189},"2012 巴菲特致股东信","2012-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",83,{"title":1191,"slug":1192,"category":499,"order":1189},"巴菲特：2009年对话哥大商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2009nian-dui-hua-ge-da-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":1194,"slug":1195,"category":698,"order":1196},"2013 巴菲特致股东信","2013-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",84,{"title":1198,"slug":1199,"category":499,"order":1196},"巴菲特：2009年恐慌是会传染的，我们必须做点什么","ba-fei-te-2009nian-kong-huang-shi-hui-chuan-ran-de-wo-men-bi-xu-zuo-dian-shi-me",{"title":1201,"slug":1202,"category":698,"order":1203},"2014 伯克希尔的过去现在与未来","2014-bo-ke-xi-er-de-guo-qu-xian-zai-yu-wei-lai",85,{"title":1205,"slug":1206,"category":499,"order":1203},"巴菲特：2009年收购BNSF 铁路","ba-fei-te-2009nian-shou-gou-bnsf-tie-lu",{"title":1208,"slug":1209,"category":698,"order":1210},"2014 副董事长的思考","2014-fu-dong-shi-chang-de-si-kao",86,{"title":1212,"slug":1213,"category":499,"order":1210},"巴菲特：2009年美元效应","ba-fei-te-2009nian-mei-yuan-xiao-ying",{"title":1215,"slug":1216,"category":698,"order":1217},"2014 巴菲特致股东信","2014-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",87,{"title":1219,"slug":1220,"category":499,"order":1217},"巴菲特：2009年阿克伦大学商学院问答实录","ba-fei-te-2009nian-a-ke-lun-da-xue-shang-xue-yuan-wen-da-shi-lu",{"title":1222,"slug":1223,"category":698,"order":1224},"2015 巴菲特致股东信","2015-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",88,{"title":1226,"slug":1227,"category":499,"order":1224},"巴菲特：2010年\"捐赠誓言\"计划","ba-fei-te-2010nian-juan-zeng-shi-yan-ji-hua",{"title":1229,"slug":1230,"category":698,"order":1231},"2016 巴菲特致股东信","2016-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",89,{"title":1233,"slug":1234,"category":499,"order":1231},"巴菲特：2010年CNBC 专访","ba-fei-te-2010nian-cnbc-zhuan-fang",{"title":1236,"slug":1237,"category":698,"order":1238},"2017 巴菲特致股东信","2017-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",90,{"title":1240,"slug":1241,"category":499,"order":1238},"巴菲特：2010年与罗克国度创始人、福布斯主编对谈","ba-fei-te-2010nian-yu-luo-ke-guo-du-chuang-shi-ren-fu-bu-si-zhu-bian-dui-tan",{"title":1243,"slug":1244,"category":698,"order":1245},"2018 巴菲特致股东信","2018-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",91,{"title":1247,"slug":1248,"category":499,"order":1245},"巴菲特：2010年央视财经采访","ba-fei-te-2010nian-yang-shi-cai-jing-cai-fang",{"title":1250,"slug":1251,"category":698,"order":1252},"2019 巴菲特致股东信","2019-ba-fei-te-zhi-gu-dong-xin",92,{"title":1254,"slug":1255,"category":499,"order":1252},"巴菲特：2010年对话IVEY 商学院学生","ba-fei-te-2010nian-dui-hua-ivey-shang-xue-yuan-xue-sheng",{"title":1257,"slug":1258,"category":698,"order":1259},"2020 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